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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク shear modulus ： ウィキペディア英語版 shear modulus In materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by ''G'', or sometimes ''S'' or ''μ'', is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain: :$G\; \backslash \; \backslash stackrel\backslash \; \backslash frac\; \}\; =\; \backslash frac\; =\; \backslash frac$ where :$\backslash tau\_\; =\; F/A\; \backslash ,$ = shear stress; :$F$ is the force which acts :$A$ is the area on which the force acts :in engineering, $\backslash gamma\_\; =\; \backslash Delta\; x/l\; =\; \backslash tan\; \backslash theta\; \backslash ,$ = shear strain. Elsewhere, $\backslash gamma\_\; =\; \backslash theta$ :$\backslash Delta\; x$ is the transverse displacement :$l$ is the initial length Shear modulus' derived SI unit is the pascal (Pa), although it is usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa) or in thousands of pounds per square inch (ksi). Its dimensional form is M1L−1T−2. The shear modulus is always positive. ==Explanation== The shear modulus is one of several quantities for measuring the stiffness of materials. All of them arise in the generalized Hooke's law: * Young's modulus ''E'' describes the material's strain response to uniaxial stress in the direction of this stress (like pulling on the ends of a wire or putting a weight on top of a column, with the wire getting longer and the column losing height), * the Poisson's ratio ''ν'' describes the response in the directions orthogonal to this uniaxial stress (the wire getting thinner and the column thicker), * the bulk modulus ''K'' describes the material's response to (uniform) hydrostatic pressure (like the pressure at the bottom of the ocean or a deep swimming pool), * the shear modulus ''G'' describes the material's response to shear stress (like cutting it with dull scissors). * For isotropic materials these moduli are not independent, and are connected via the equations $2G(1+\backslash nu)\; =\; E\; =\; 3K(1-2\backslash nu)$. The shear modulus is concerned with the deformation of a solid when it experiences a force parallel to one of its surfaces while its opposite face experiences an opposing force (such as friction). In the case of an object that's shaped like a rectangular prism, it will deform into a parallelepiped. Anisotropic materials such as wood, paper and also essentially all single crystals exhibit differing material response to stress or strain when tested in different directions. In this case one may need to use the full tensor-expression of the elastic constants, rather than a single scalar value. One possible definition of a fluid would be a material with zero shear modulus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「shear modulus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.